CRLRC/1179/2026 of Allangi Bhagavan Vs The State of Andhra Pradesh on 14 October 2026

ORDER:

The Criminal Revision Case has been filed under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (for brevity ‘the BNSS’), seeking to enlarge the Petitioner/Accused No.6 on bail and seeking to set aside the Order dated 31.08.2026, passed by the learned Special Judge for Trial of Cases under NDPS Act-Cum-I Additional District and Sessions Judge, Vizianagaram, in Crl.M.P.No.1018 of 2026 in Cr.No.107 of 2024.

2. Thoughtful considering is bestowed upon the arguments of the learned counsel for the petitioner/accused No.6 and the learned Assistant Public Prosecutor. Perused the record.

3. Now the point for consideration is: “Whether the Order dated 31.08.2026, passed by the learned Special Judge for Trial of Cases under NDPS Act-Cum-I Additional District and Sessions Judge, Vizianagaram, in Crl.M.P.No.1018 of 2026 in Cr.No.107 of 2024, is correct, legal, and proper with respect to its finding or judgment, and there are any material irregularities? And to what relief?

4. As seen from the record, the accused was arrested on 20.03.2026 and he has been in judicial custody from the past 211 days. The petitioner herein is arrayed as accused No.6 in the crime mentioned supra. There are no similar previous adverse antecedents against the petitioner. It is alleged that the petitioner is involved in transportation of 49 Kgs of Ganja and of course, it is a commercial quantity. Crl.M.P.No.1018 of 2026 in Cr.No.107 of 2024 was

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filed by the Investigating Officer on 180th day of the judicial custody of the Petitioner for remand extension. The impugned order doesn’t reflect that at the time of extension of the remand the Petitioner was either produced physically or virtually.

5. The Hon’ble Apex Court in Jigar @ Jimmy Pravinchandra Adatiya v. State of Gujarat1,at paragraph No.30 held as under: “45. The logical and legal consequence of the grant of extension of time is the deprivation of the indefeasible right available to the accused to claim a default bail. If we accept the argument that the failure of the prosecution to produce the accused before the Court and to inform him that the application of extension is being considered by the Court is a mere procedural irregularity, it will negate the proviso added by sub-section (2) of Section 20 of the 2015 Act and that may amount to violation of rights conferred by Article 21 of the Constitution. The reason is the grant of the extension of time takes away the right of the accused to get default bail which is intrinsically connected with the fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. The procedure contemplated by Article 21 of the Constitution which is required to be followed before the liberty of a person is taken away has to be a fair and reasonable procedure. In fact, procedural safeguards play an important role in protecting the liberty guaranteed by Article 21. The failure to procure the presence of the accused either physically or virtually before the Court and the failure to inform him that the application made by the Public Prosecutor for the extension of time is being considered, is not a mere procedural irregularity. It is gross illegality that violates the rights of the accused under Article 21”

6. As per Jigar supra, failure to procure the presence of the Accused either physically or virtually before the Court and failure to inform him that the application made by the Public Prosecutor for the extension of time is being considered not a mere procedural irregularity, it is a gross illegality that violates the fundamental right of the Accused guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.

12022 Supreme (SC) 973

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7. In the instant case the impugned order doesn’t reflect that such procedural safeguard contemplated by Jigar suprawas followed. Indeed, the learned Trial Court neither secured the presence of the Accused physically nor virtually nor informed the Petitioner that judicial remand was extended. Therefore, there is violation of Article 21 of the Constitution of India.

8. Be that as it may, even at the time of extension of the remand in any other case either by the Magistrate or by the Trial Court, they cannot mechanically pass extension order of remand. The remand extension has to be informed to the Accused either by securing him physically or virtually. For the above reasons the Criminal Revision Cases are required to be allowed, as there are merits.

9. The learned Counsel for the Petitioner has relied upon the judgment in Hitendra Vishnu Thakur v. State of Maharashtra2, wherein, at paragraphs Nos.23, 24 and 31 it is held as under:

“23... We may at this stage, also on a plain reading of clause (bb) of sub-section (4) of Section 20, point out that the Legislature has provided for seeking extension of time for completion of investigation on a report of the public prosecutor. The Legislature did not purposely leave it to an investigating officer to make an application for seeking extension of time from the court. This provision is in tune with the legislative intent to have the investigations completed expeditiously and not to allow an accused to be kept in continued detention during unnecessary prolonged investigation at the whims of the police. The Legislature expects that the investigation must be completed with utmost promptitude but where it becomes necessary to seek some more time for completion of the investigation, the investigating agency must submit itself to the scrutiny of the public prosecutor in the first instance and satisfy him about the progress of the investigation and 2 1994 AIR 2623

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furnish reasons for seeking further custody of an accused. A public prosecutor is an important officer of the State Government and is appointed by the State under the Code of Criminal Procedure. He is not a part of the investigating agency. He is an independent statutory authority. The public prosecutor is expected to independently apply his mind to the request of the investigating agency before submitting a report to the court for extension of time with a view to enable the investigating agency to complete the investigation. He is not merely a post office or a forwarding agency. A public prosecutor may or may not agree with the reasons given by the investigating officer for seeking extension of time and may find that the investigation had not progressed in the proper manner or that there has been unnecessary, deliberate or avoidable delay in completing the investigation. In that event, he may not submit any report to the court under clause (bb) to seek extension of time. Thus, for seeking extension of time under clause (bb), the public prosecutor after an independent application of his mind to the request of the investigating agency is required to make a report to the Designated Court indicating therein the progress of the investigation and disclosing justification for keeping the accused in further custody to enable the investigating agency to complete the investigation. The public prosecutor may attach the request of the investigating officer along with his request or application and report, but his report, as envisaged under clause (bb), must disclose on the face of it that he has applied his mind and was satisfied with the progress of the investigation and considered grant of further time to complete the investigation necessary. The use of the expression “on the report of the public prosecutor indicating the progress of the investigation and the specific reasons for the detention of the accused beyond the said period” as occurring in clause (bb) in sub-section (2) of Section 167 as amended by Section 20(4) are important and indicative of the legislative intent not to keep an accused in custody unreasonably and to grant extension only on the report of the public prosecutor. The report of the public prosecutor, therefore, is not merely a formality but a very vital report, because the consequence of its acceptance affects the liberty of an accused and it must, therefore, strictly comply with the requirements as contained in clause (bb). The request of an investigating officer for extension of time is no substitute for the report of the public prosecutor. Where either no report as is envisaged by clause (bb) is filed or the report filed by the public prosecutor is not accepted by the Designated Court, since the grant of extension of time under clause (bb) is neither a formality nor automatic, the necessary corollary would be that an accused would be entitled to seek bail and the court „shall‟ release him on bail if he furnishes bail as required by the Designated Court. It is not merely the question of form in which the request for extension under clause (bb) is made but one of substance. The contents of the report to be submitted by the public prosecutor, after proper application of his mind, are designed to assist the Designated Court to independently decide whether or not extension should be granted in a given case.

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Keeping in view the consequences of the grant of extension i.e. keeping an accused in further custody, the Designated Court must be satisfied for the justification, from the report of the public prosecutor, to grant extension of time to complete the investigation. Where the Designated Court declines to grant such an extension, the right to be released on bail on account of the „default‟ of the prosecution becomes indefeasible and cannot be defeated by reasons other than those contemplated by sub-section (4) of Section 20 as discussed in the earlier part of this judgment. We are unable to agree with Mr Madhava Reddy or the Additional Solicitor General Mr Tulsi that even if the public prosecutor „presents‟ the request of the investigating officer to the court or „forwards‟ the request of the investigating officer to the court, it should be construed to be the report of the public prosecutor. There is no scope for such a construction when we are dealing with the liberty of a citizen. The courts are expected to zealously safeguard his liberty. Clause (bb) has to be read and interpreted on its plain language without addition or substitution of any expression in it. We have already dealt with the importance of the report of the public prosecutor and emphasised that he is neither a „post office‟ of the investigating agency nor its „forwarding agency‟ but is charged with a statutory duty. He must apply his mind to the facts and circumstances of the case and his report must disclose on the face of it that he had applied his mind to the twin conditions contained in clause (bb) of sub-section (4) of Section 20. Since the law requires him to submit the report as envisaged by the section, he must act in the manner as provided by the section and in no other manner. A Designated Court which overlooks and ignores the requirements of a valid report fails in the performance of one of its essential duties and renders its order under clause (bb) vulnerable. Whether the public prosecutor labels his report as a report or as an application for extension, would not be of much consequence so long as it demonstrates on the face of it that he has applied his mind and is satisfied with the progress of the investigation and the genuineness of the reasons for grant of extension to keep an accused in further custody as envisaged by clause (bb) (supra). Even the mere reproduction of the application or request of the investigating officer by the public prosecutor in his report, without demonstration of the application of his mind and recording his own satisfaction, would not render his report as the one envisaged by clause (bb) and it would not be a proper report to seek extension of time. In the absence of an appropriate report the Designated Court would have no jurisdiction to deny to an accused his indefeasible right to be released on bail on account of the default of the prosecution to file the challan within the prescribed time if an accused seeks and is prepared to furnish the bail bonds as directed by the court. Moreover, no extension can be granted to keep an accused in custody beyond the prescribed period except to enable the investigation to be completed and as already stated before any extension is granted under clause (bb), the accused must be put on notice and permitted to have his say so as to be able to object to the grant of extension.

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24. We shall now consider whether the amendment brought about by Act 43 of 1993 would apply to the pending cases i.e. the cases which were pending investigation on the date when the amendment came into force and in which the charge-sheet or challan had not been filed till 22- 5-1993.

31. Having answered the questions posed by us in the opening part of the judgment, we shall now take up individual cases.”

10. By relying on the judgment in Hitendra Vishnu Thakur 2nd supra, the Hon’ble Apex Court, in Sanjay Kumar Kedia @ Sanjay Kedia v. Intelligence Officer, Narcotic Control Bureau3, has held, at paragraph No. 11, as under: “11... Mr. Lalit, has further contended that the two applications for extension of time could not, by any stretch of imagination, be said to be reports of the public prosecutor as envisaged under Section 36A (4) and has again referred us to the case ibidem: A public prosecutor is an important officer of the State Government and is appointed by the State under the Code of Criminal Procedure. He is not a part of the investigating agency. He is an independent statutory authority. The public prosecutor is expected to independently apply his mind to the request of the investigating agency before submitting a report to the court for extension of time with a view to enable the investigating agency to complete the investigation. He is not merely a post office or a forwarding agency. A public prosecutor may or may not agree with the reasons given by the investigating officer for seeking extension of time and may find that the investigation had not progressed in the proper manner or that there has been unnecessary, deliberate or avoidable delay in completing the investigation. In that event, he may not submit any report to the court under clause (bb) to seek extension of time. Thus, for seeking extension of time under clause (bb), the public prosecutor after an independent application of his mind to the request of the investigating agency is required to make a report to the Designated Court indicating therein the progress of the investigation and disclosing justification for keeping the accused in further custody to enable the investigating agency to complete the investigation. The public prosecutor may attach the request of the investigating officer along with this request or application and report, but his report, as envisaged under clause (bb), must disclose on the face of it that he has applied his mind and was satisfied with the progress of the investigation and considered grant of further time to complete the investigation necessary. The use of the expression "on the report of the public prosecutor indicating the progress of the investigation and the specific reasons for 3 2010 (1) SCR 555

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the detention of the accused beyond the said period" as occurring in clause (bb) in sub-section (2) of Section 167 as amended by Section 20(4) are important and indicative of the legislative intent not to keep an accused in custody unreasonably and to grant extension only on the report of the public prosecutor. The report of the public prosecutor, therefore, is not merely a formality but a very vital report, because the consequence of its acceptance affects the liberty of an accused and it must, therefore, strictly comply with the requirements as contained in clause (bb). The request of an investigating officer for extension of time is no substitute for the report of the public prosecutor.

11. As seen from the impugned order passed by the learned Trial Court extending the remand period beyond 180 days, the learned Public Prosecutor has not applied his independent mind while filing the application. The learned Public Prosecutor has not filed any report as envisaged under Section 36A(4) proviso of ‘the NDPS Act’. The petition filed by the learned Public Prosecutor does not disclose whether he was satisfied with the progress of the investigation or whether he had considered the entire material of investigation for grant of further time to complete the investigation.

12. In Hitendra Vishnu Thakur 2nd supra, the Hon’ble Apex Court, in categorical terms, held that the Public Prosecutor concerned, or the Prosecutor in charge of the case, ought to have considered the request of the Investigating Officer and, upon independent application of mind, filed a report along with the application seeking extension of time. In the present case, there is no averment in the petition filed by the Public Prosecutor to show that he had applied his mind or that he was satisfied that the progress of the investigation was at a crucial stage and that the grant of further time to complete the investigation was necessary. Further, more importantly, the

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learned Trial Court failed to assign any special reasons for the detention of the Accused/Petitioner beyond the period of 180 days.

13. Following the judgments of the Hon’ble Apex Court in Jigar 1st supra, Hitendra Vishnu Thakur 2nd supra and Sanjay Kumar Kedia @ Sanjay Kedia 3rd supra, the Criminal Revision Case is allowed, the impugned Order dated 31.08.2026, passed by the learned Special Judge for Trial of Cases under NDPS Act-Cum-I Additional District and Sessions Judge, Vizianagaram, in Crl.M.P.No.1018 of 2026 in Cr.No.107 of 2024 is set aside.

14. The Criminal Revision Case is allowed with the following conditions: i. The Petitioner/Accused No.6 shall be enlarged on bail subject to executing a bond for a sum of Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees One Lakh only), with two sureties each for the like sum each to the satisfaction of the learned Special Judge for Trial of Cases under NDPS Act-Cum-I Additional District and Sessions Judge, Vizianagaram. ii. The Petitioner/Accused No.6 shall appear before the Station House Officer, Gantyada Police Station, Vizianagaram Rural Circle, on every Saturday in between 10:00 am and 05:00 pm, till cognizance is taken by the learned the Trial Court. iii. The Petitioner/Accused No.6 shall not leave the limits of the State of Andhra Pradesh without prior permission from the Station House Officer concerned.

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iv. The Petitioner/Accused No.6 shall not commit or indulge in commission of any offence in future. v. The Petitioner/Accused No.6 shall cooperate with the investigating officer in further investigation of the case and shall make himself available for interrogation by the investigating officer as and when required. vi. The Petitioner/Accused No.6 shall not, directly or indirectly, make any inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted with the facts of the case so as to dissuade him/her from disclosing such facts to the court or to any police officer. vii. The Petitioner/Accused No.6 shall surrender his passport, if any, to the investigating officer. If he claims that he does not have a passport, he shall submit an affidavit to that effect to the Investigating Officer.

15. With the above observations and directions, this Criminal Revision Case is allowed. No order as to costs.

As a sequel, interlocutory applications, if any pending, shall stand closed.

_________________________ DR. Y. LAKSHMANA RAO, J Date: 15.10.2026 DRNR

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THE HONOURABLE DR JUSTICE Y. LAKSHMANA RAO

CRIMINAL REVISION CASE NO: 1179 of 2026

Date: 15.10.2026 DRNR