Madras High Court
WA/946/2024 of HEREDITARY TRUSTEE Vs R. JAYAKUMAR on 30 September 2026
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
Reserved on
01.10.2026
Pronounced on
07.10.2026
CORAM
THE HON'BLE MR JUSTICE S. M. SUBRAMANIAM
AND
THE HON'BLE MR.JUSTICE KRISHNASWAMY GOVINDARAJAN
WA Nos. 946 of 2024 and 1914 of 2026
CNR:{HCMA010502512024}
AND
CMP Nos. 6768 of 2024 & 17040 of 2026
W.A.No.946 of 2024:
Hereditary Trustee
Abhisheka Kattalai and Annadhana Kattalai, Arulmighu Thiyagaraja Swami Temple Trust, Thiruvarur District.
(Impleaded Vide orders in WMP No. 22908/2023
dated 23.08.2023)
..Appellant
Vs
1. R. Jayakumar
S/o.C.Rathinam, No.13,
Kamarajapuram 2nd Street,
Pudukottai Town, Pudukottai District.
Now Res. 24, Kamadhenu Nagar,
Abirami Nagar Extension,
Thirukokarnam Post, Pudukottai Taluk,
Pudukottai District.
2. The Additional Chief Secretary
Tourism, Cultural and Endowment Department, Secretariat, Chennai.
3. The Principal Secretary
Tourism, cultural and Endowment Department, Secretariat, Chennai.
4. The Commissioner
Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowment Department, Chennai.
5. The Joint Commissioner
Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowment Department, Thanjavur District.
6. The Executive Officer
Arulmigu Thiyagaraja Swamy Temple,
Thiruvarur District.
..Respondents
WA No. 1914 of 2026 :
CNR:{HCMA011216342026}
1. The Additional Chief Secretary,
Tourism, Cultural and Endowment Department, Secretariat, Chennai.
2. The Principal Secretary,
Tourism, Cultural and Endowment Department , Secretariat, Chennai.
3. The Commissioner,
Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowment Department, Chennai.
..Appellants
Vs
1. R. Jayakumar
S/o.C.Rathinam, No.13,
Kamarajapuram 2nd Street,
Pudukottai Town, Pudukottai District.
Now Res. 24, Kamadhenu Nagar,
Abirami Nagar Extension,
Thirukokarnam Post, Pudukottai Taluk,
Pudukottai District.
2. The Joint Commissioner,
Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowment Department, Thanjavur District.
3. The Executive Officer
Arulmigu Thiyagaraja Swamy Temple,
Thiruvarur District.
4. Hereditary Trustee
Abisheka Kattalai and Annadhana Kattalai Arulmigu Thiyagaraja Swami Temple Trust Thiruvarur District (Impleaded vide orders WMP.No.22908/2023, dated 23.08.2023)
..Respondents
Prayer in WA No. 946 of 2024: Writ Appeal is filed under Clause 15 of Letters Patent, to set aside the order dated 20.02.2024 in WP No. 13671 of 2020 as far as the adverse remarks made against the appellant on the file of this Honble Court Prayer in WA No. 1914 of 2026: Writ Appeal is filed under Clause 15 of Letters Patent, to allow the Writ Appeal and thereby set aside the second part of the order dated 20.02.2024 in WP.13671 of 2020 and thus render justice.
For Appellants:
Mr.R.Singaravelan, Senior Counsel
for Mr.A.R.Nixon
in W.A.No.946 of 2024
Mr.R.Bharanidharan
Special Government Pleader
(HR & CE Department)
in W.A.No.1914 of 2026
For Respondents:
Mr.M.Vijaya Mehananth
For M/s.C.Chandrapriya For R1
in both the writ appeals
Mr.R.Bharanidharan
Special Government Pleader
(HR & CE Department)
For RR 2 to 6
In WA.No.946 of 2024
Mr.R.Singaravelan
for MR.A.R.Nixon For R4
in W.A.No.1914 of 2026
Citations and Judicial Treatment
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COMMON JUDGMENT
(KRISHNASWAMY GOVINDARAJAN,J.) Since the issues involved in both cases are one and the same, they are disposed of by way of this common judgment.
2. The unsuccessful respondents in the writ petition No.13671 of 2020 are the appellants herein.
3. The 6th respondent filed W.A. No.946 of 2024 and respondents 1 to 3 filed W.A. No.1914 of 2024 against the order in W.P. No.13671 of 2020.
4. For the sake of convenience, the parties will be referred to as per their rank in the writ petition.
5. The writ petition was filed challenging the order in G.O.(P) No.135, dated 21.10.2009, passed by the first respondent confirming the order in proceedings Se.Mu.Na.Ka.No.28692/2014/L.1, dated 15.10.2015, to quash the same as illegal, and consequently, to reinstate the petitioner as the Executive
Officer Grade No.I in the 3rd respondent Department with all benefits and place the petitioner in appropriate seniority on par with similarly placed persons.
6. The Supreme Court in the case of A.A. Gopalakrishnan v. Cochin Devaswom Board and Others (reported in 2007 (7) SCC 482) said as follows: ‘’10. The properties of deities, temples and Devaswom Boards, require to be protected and safeguarded by their Trustees/Archaks/ Sebaits/employees. Instances are many where persons entrusted with the duty of managing and safeguarding the properties of temples, deities and Devaswom Boards have usurped and misappropriated such properties by setting up false claims of ownership or tenancy, or adverse possession. This is possible only with the passive or active collusion of the concerned authorities. Such acts of 'fences eating the crops' should be dealt with sternly. The Government, members or trustees of Boards/Trusts, and devotees should be vigilant to prevent any such usurpation or encroachment. It is also the duty of courts to protect and safeguard the properties of religious and charitable institutions from wrongful claims or misappropriation.’’
7. Keeping in mind this proposition of the Supreme Court, we are dealing with these writ appeals. 8(i) Case of the Petitioner: The petitioner was working as an Executive Officer and was transferred to Arulmigu Thiyagarajaswamy Temple, Tiruvarur, in the year 2011. During that period, he was issued with a charge memo containing 22 charges. On the basis of the said charge memo, an enquiry was conducted in which 19 charges were proved. Based upon the enquiry report, punishment was imposed. Challenging the same, the petitioner filed an appeal before the first respondent, which was also dismissed. Challenging the said order, the petitioner filed W.P. No.13671 of 2020.
(ii) On the basis of the scheme decree in O.S. No.20 of 1938, vide judgment dated 05.08.1940, the Trustees should collect rent and profits of all Kattalai Properties and hand over the same to the Executive Officer. The said decree reached finality in the year 2013. A Public Interest Litigation was filed in W.P. No.3294 of 2013 seeking a direction to the Executive Officer to initiate action against the 6th respondent for putting up construction over the properties belonging to the temple. The said Writ Petition was dismissed on the ground that no direction could be issued against respondents 1 to 4 therein (one of whom was the Executive Officer). There was a suit between the trustees of the Kattalai and the Executive Officer, which also ended in favour of the Trustees. Overlooking all these litigations, charges were framed against the writ petitioner on the ground that he is responsible for the management of the Kattalai and trust properties and to prevent third parties from putting up constructions on trust properties.
(iii) The writ petition further submits that there was no misappropriation on the part of the petitioner. Despite this, he was imposed with the punishment of removal from service, which is disproportionate to the charges. Even if there was any negligence on the part of the petitioner, it should not lead to the punishment of removal. The petitioner submitted that none of these aspects were considered by the original and appellate authorities and prayed for setting aside the order of punishment.
9. Case of the respondents viz., R3 to R5 [HR & CE Department] : The petitioner disbursed amounts for construction purposes to contractors without obtaining prior approval from respondents 3 and 4. The petitioner cannot take shelter under the judgment in O.S. No.20 of 1938 on the ground that the Executive Officer is not responsible for managing the trust and monitoring the day-to-day affairs of the Kattalai. The petitioner colluded with the Kattalaidars and was instrumental in diluting the interest of the trust and its properties. Only because of this, disciplinary proceedings were initiated. After following all procedures, the action of dismissal from service was taken in view of the proven charges. The punishment is not disproportionate to the charges, and the Department prayed for the dismissal of the writ petition.
10. Finding of the writ court: The Writ Court, after hearing the parties, came to the conclusion that there was no separate discussion on each and every charge proved against the petitioner in order to justify the capital punishment of removal from service. Even after accepting the report of the Enquiry Officer, the respondent authority did not discuss the charges independently, and a general order of punishment was imposed. There were material discrepancies and a lack of discussion in respect of each individual charge, which showed non-application of mind. On that basis, the Writ Court set aside the order of removal from service; however, it imposed a separate punishment of postponement of his first promotion for a period of five years from the date on which it would have been due to him.
Discussion:
11. We heard the counsel for the appellants and the respondents.
12. The charges framed against the petitioner are extracted hereunder: ''
தவறான நடத்தை அல்லது நெறிதவறி நடந்துகொ ள்ளுதல்
அடிப்படையில்திரு.ரெ.
ஜெ யக்குமார்செயல்அலுவலர்நிலை
க்குஎதிராக
சுமத்துவதற்குகருதப்பட்டுள்ளகுறைகூறல்களின்சாரம்குறித்தவிவரம்.
தவறான நடத்தை அல்லது நெறிமுறை தவறி நடந்துகொ ள்ளுதல்
அடிப்படையில் திரு.ரெ.
ஜெ யக்குமார் செயல் அலுவலர் நிலை -1 எதிராக
சுமத்துவதற்குகருதப்பட்டுள்ளகுற்றச்சாட்டுகள்குறித்தானஅட்டவணை :
1. திருக்கோ யிலுக்குச் சொ ந்தமான மனை ப்பகுதியில் பினாமி
வாடகைதாரர்திரு.
ராமமூர்த்திஎன்பவர்லாட்ஜ்(Lodge)
கட்டிவருவதை தடுத்து
நிறுத்தநடவடிக்கை எடுக்காதது.
2. திரு.என்.கே.
நைனா முகம்மது இராவுத்தர்,
ரொ கையா அம்மாள்
என்பவர்களுக்குமனை வாடகைக்குவிடப்பட்டுள்ளஇடத்தில்நிரந்தரக்கட்டிடம்
கட்டிமுடிக்கஉடந்தையாகஇருந்தது.
3. திருக்கோ யிலுக்குச்சொ ந்தமானஇடத்தில்பினாமிவாடகைதாரர் திரு.R.M.P.R.
சுந்தரமூர்த்திஎன்பவர்நிரந்தரகட்டிடம்கட்டிவருவதை தடுத்து
நிறுத்ததவறியது.
4. திருக்கோ யிலுக்குசொ ந்தமானமனை ப்பகுதியில்S.P.
ஸ்டீல்ஸ்கடை
உரிமையாளர்இலாகாமுன்அனுமதிஏதுமின்றிநிரந்தரமாடிக்கட்டிடம்கட்ட அனுமதித்தது.
5. திருக்கோ யில் மனை இடத்தில் திரு.கே.
ஆத்மஞானம் எனும்
மனை வாடகைதாரர் இலாகா அனுமதி இன்றி நிரந்தரக்கட்டிடம் கட்ட
உடந்தையாகஇருந்தது.
6. திரு.வி.பி.
தண்டுகோ டி என்பவருக்கு மனை வாடகைக்கு
கொ டுக்கப்பட்டுள்ள இடத்தில் நிரந்தரக் கட்டிடம் கட்ட செயல் அலுவலர் அனுமதித்தது.
7. திருக்கோ யிலில்சுந்தரர்மண்டபம்திருப்பணிவே லை களுக்குஇலாகா
சட்ட விதிகளுக்குப் புறம்பாக ஒப்பந்தக்காரருக்கு ரூ.40
லட்சம் முன்பணம் வழங்கியது.
8. திருக்கோ யிலுக்குச்சொ ந்தமானசிலஇடங்களுக்குதிருக்கோ யில்,
இணை ஆணை யர், கட்டளை ,
ஜெ யப் அலுவலர் மற்றும் தனி நபர்கள்
பெயர்களில்கூட்டுபட்டா வழங்கப்பட்டதை ரத்துசெய்யநடவடிக்கை எடுக்க தவறியது.
9. இணை ஆணை யர் மு.மு. 20531/2011 (அ3)
நாள் 04.01.2012
உத்திரவுபடிமாதாந்திரசெலவினங்களுக்குஇணை ஆணை யர்அனுமதிபெற்று
செயல்படதவறியது.
10. திருக்கோ யிலுக்குச்சொ ந்தமானமனை கள்மற்றும்கட்டிடங்களுக்கு
நியாயவாடகை நிர்ணயம்செய்யதவறியது.
11. திருக்கோ யிலுக்குச் சொ ந்தமான மனை இடங்களில் மனை
வாடகைதாரர்கள் நிரந்தரக்கட்டிடம் கட்ட ஆணை யர் முன் அனுமதி
பெறப்படவே ண்டும்என்பதை நன்குஅறிந்திருந்தும்,
நிரந்தரகட்டிடங்கள்கட்ட
அனுமதித்ததின்மூலம்அதிகாரதுஷ்பிரயோ கம்செய்தது.
12. நிரந்தரக்கட்டிடம்கட்டியநபர்களிடம்வாடகை பாக்கிக்குஓர்பாகம்
எனகுறிப்பிட்டுரூ.
ஒருலட்சம்வசூலித்ததின்மூலம்அவர்கள்கட்டிடம்கட்ட
உடந்தையாகசெயல்பட்டது.
13. உயர் அலுவலர்களுக்குண்டான அதிகாரங்களை தன்
கையிலெ டுத்துகொ ண்டுசெயல்பட்டது.
14. சுயஆதாயம்கருதிதிருக்கோ யில்மற்றும்அதனுடன்இணை ந்த
கட்டளை கள்நலனுக்குப்புறம்பாகசெயல்பட்டது.
15. அபிஷே கக்கட்டளை க்குச்சொ ந்தமான3590
சதுரஅடிமனை
இடத்தில்இலாகாமுன்அனுமதிஏதுமின்றிபினாமிவாடகைதாரர்திருவாரூர்
மகாராஜாசில்க்பேலஸ்நிறுவனத்தார்சுமார்ரூ.1
கோ டிமதிப்பீட்டில்4 மாடி
கட்டிடம்கட்டுவதை தடுத்துநிறுத்தஉரியநடவடிக்கை எடுக்கதவறியது.’’
13. Originally, by proceedings dated 25.06.2014, 15 charges were framed against the petitioner. Subsequently, through proceedings dated 01.10.2014, seven more charges were included and the same is extracted hereunder: ''திரு.ரெ.
ஜெ யக்குமார்செயல்அலுவலருக்கு-
க்குஎதிராகசுமத்தவுள்ள
கூடுதல் குற்றச்சாட்டிற்கு ஆதாரமாக அதாவது தவறான நடத்தை அல்லது
நெறிதவறிநடந்துகொ ள்ளுதல்பற்றியகுறை கூறல்.
கூடுதல்குற்றச்சாட்டுஎண்
சுந்தரர்மண்டபதிருப்பணிவே லை களுக்குரூ.50
லட்சம்13-
வதுநிதி
ஆணை யர்மூலம்வழங்கப்பட்டது.
இதில்திருப்பணிவே லை கள்துவங்கப்படாத
நிலை யில்ஒப்பந்தக்காரருக்குரூ.40
லட்சம்செயல்திரு.ரெ.
ஜெ யக்குமார்வழங்கிய
குற்றத்திற்காகஅன்னார்மீதுஎண்விதி17(பி)-
ன்கீழ்ஒழுங்குநடவடிக்கை
எடுக்கக்கூடாது என இணை ஆணை யர் செ.மு.ந.க.எண்.14270/2013/ஆ1/நாள்:12.4.2014-
ன்படி விளக்கம் கேட்கப்பட்டது.
இதற்குபின்னரும்திரு.ரெ.
ஜெ யக்குமார்தாம்தன்னிச்சையாககையாண்டுவரும்
வதுநிதியாணை யை நிதியுதவித்தொ கை வங்கிகணக்கில்இருந்து4.7.2014-
அன்றுஒப்பந்தக்காரருக்குரூ.4
லட்சம்எடுத்துக்கொ ண்டுள்ளதன்மூலம்இணை
ஆணை யர்உத்தரவினை மதித்துநடக்கதவறியதோ டுதிருப்பணிநிதியினை
துஷ்பிரயோ கம்செய்துள்ளார்.
கூடுதல்குற்றச்சாட்டுஎண்
ஸ்ரீசுந்தரர்மண்டபம்திருப்பணிக்கு13-
வதுநிதிஆணை யம்மூலம் ரூ.50,00,000/-
நிதியுதவிவரப்பெற்றுதிருவாரூர்கனராவங்கியில்17.12.2012-ல்
டெபாசிட்செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது.
மேற்கண்டதிருக்கோ யிலுக்குநாகப்பட்டினம்உதவி
ஆணை யர்தக்காராகநியமனம்செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளார்.
மேலும்தலை மையிடமான
திருவாரூரில் உதவி ஆணை யர் இருக்கிறார்.
இவ்வாறு இரண்டு உதவி
ஆணை யர்கள்இருந்தும்மேற்கண்டதிருப்பணிவங்கிகணக்குசெயல்அலுவலர்
பதவி பெயரில் துவங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
திருப்பணி நிதி திருக்கோ யிலில் செயல்
அலுவலர்மற்றும்பிரிவுஉதவிஆணை யர்கூட்டுப்பொ றுப்பில்இயங்கும்வகையில்
வங்கிகணக்குபேணப்படவே ண்டும்எனஆணை யர்உத்தரவுஇருந்தும்இதனை
பின்பற்றிசெயல்படாமல்13-
வதுநிதிஆணை யநிதியினை செயல்அலுவலர்
தன்னிச்சையாககையாண்டுசட்டவிதிகளுக்குபுறம்பாகசெயல்பட்டுள்ளார்.
கூடுதல்குற்றச்சாட்டுஎண்
சுந்தரர்மண்டபதிருப்பணிவே லை களுக்காக13-
வதுநிதிஆணை யம்
மூலம்பெறப்பட்டரூ.50
லட்சம்17.12.2012-
அன்றுகனராவங்கியில்திருவாரூர்
கிளை யில்முதலீடுசெய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது.
பின்னர்இலாகாமுன்அனுமதிஏதும்
பெறாமல்27.2.2013-
ல்கரூர்வை ஸ்யா வங்கிதிருவாரூர்கிளை யில்குறுகியகால
வை ப்புத்தொ கையாகரூ.50
லட்சம்பெயர்அலுவலர்தன்னிச்சையாகமாற்றி
முதலீடுசெய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது.
இதன்மூலம்சுயலாபம்கருதிதிருப்பணிக்குஅரசு
வழங்கிய நிதியினை தேசிய வங்கியில் இருந்து தனியார் வங்கிக்கு மாற்றம்
செய்துள்ளார்என்பதுபுலனாகிறது.
கூடுதல்குற்றச்சாட்டுஎண்
சுந்தரர் மண்டப திருப்பணி வே லை கள் 16.10.2012
டெண்டர் மூலம் திரு.கே.பி.
சாமி என்பவருக்கு டெண்டர் அங்கீகரிக்கப்பட்டு 22.1.2013-
ல் பணி ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
டெண்டர்தாரர் திருப்பணி வே லை ஏதும் செய்யாத
நிலை யில்3.5.2013-
அன்றுரூ.20
லட்சம்மற்றும்5.8.2013-
ல்ரூ.20
லட்சம்ஆக
மொ த்தம்ரூ.40
லட்சம்செயல்அலுவலரால்தன்னிச்சையாகஒப்பந்தக்காரருக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
இவ்விதம்இலாகாசட்டவிதிகளுக்குபுறம்பாகவும்டெண்டர்
ஒப்பந்தவிதிகளுக்குமுரணாகவும்செயல்அலுவலர்செயல்பட்டுள்ளார்.
கூடுதல்
குற்றச்சாட்டுஎண்
பிரசித்தி பெற்ற திருவாரூர் ஆழித்தேர் திருப்பணி ரூ.68.84 லட்சம்
மதிப்பீட்டில் திருப்பணி வே லை கள் 11.09.2010-
ல் ஒப்பந்தக்காரர் வசம் பணி ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
பணி ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டு மூன்றாண்டு காலத்திற்கு
மேலாகியும்திருப்பணியினை விரைந்துமுடிக்கதேவை யானநடவடிக்கையினை
மேற்கொ ள்ள செயல் அலுவலர் தவறியதால் ஆழித்தேரோ ட்டம் தடைப்பட்டு
பொ துமக்கள்மத்தியில்இலாகாவிற்குஅவப்பெயர்ஏற்படசெயல்அலுவலர்
காரணமாகஇருந்துள்ளார்.
திருவாரூர்அருள்மிகுதியாகராஜசுவாமிதிருக்கோ யில்இறுதியாக9.4.2001-
ல்குடமுழுக்குநடைபெற்றுள்ளது.
ஆகமவிதிகளின்படி12
ஆண்டுகளுக்குஒரு
முறை குடமுழுக்குசெய்யப்படவே ண்டும்என்பதை கருத்தில்கொ ண்டுதிருப்பணி
வே லை களுக்குமதிப்பீடுகள்தயாரிக்கப்பட்டு2011
மற்றும்2012 ஆண்டுகளில்
ஆணை யர் அங்கீகாரம் பெறப்பட்டுள்ளது.
முன்னே ற்பாடுகள் முறையாக
துவங்கப்பட்டிருந்தும்திருப்பணிவே லை களை முடிக்கிவிடுவதில்தீவிரகவனம்
செலுத்த செயல் அலுவலர் தவறிய காரணத்தால் உபயதாரர்கள் மூலம்
செய்யப்படவே ண்டிய பல திருப்பணி வே லை கள் இன்னும் துவங்கப்படாத
நிலை யிலும்சிலவே லை கள்30
சதவீதம்முதல்60
சதவீதம்செய்யப்பட்டுள்ள
நிலை யிலும்இருந்துவருவதன்மூலம்உரியகாலத்திற்குகுடமுழுக்குவிழாநடத்த
இயலாதநிலை யினை செயல்அலுவலர்உருவாக்கியது.
கூடுதல்குற்றச்சாட்டுஎண்
திருவாரூர் அருள்மிகு தியாகராஜ சுவாமி திருக்கோ யிலின் செயல்
அலுவலராகபணிபுரிந்துவந்ததிரு.ரெ.
ஜெ யக்குமார்தனதுஉடல்நலக்காரணமாக
மருத்துவ விடுப்பில் சென்றார்.
இதனை த் தொ டர்ந்து ஆணை யர் செ.மு.ந.க.எண்.31147/2014/எல்.1/நாள்:17.7.2014- உத்தரவுப்படி மேற்கண்ட
திருக்கோ யில்செயல்அலுவலராகதிருவாரூர்உதவிஆணை யரை நியமனம் செய்யப்பட்டது.
ஆணை யர்உத்தரவுப்படிஉதவிஆணை யர்தன்னிச்சையாக
பொ றுப்பேற்று செயல்பட்டு வந்த நிலை யில் ஆணை யர் செ.மு.ந.க.எண்.48079/2014/எல்1/நாள்:
12.9.2014-உத்தரவுப்படி திரு.ரெ.
ஜெ யக்குமார் செயல் அலுவலருக்கு திருச்சி மாவட்டம், தொ ட்டியம் வட்டம்,
திருநாராயணபுரம் அருள்மிகு வே தநாராயணப்பெருமாள்
திருக்கோ யிலுக்குபணிமாற்றம்செய்துஉத்தரவுபிறப்பிக்கப்பட்டது. இதனை த்
தொ டர்ந்து ரெ.
ஜெ யக்குமார் செயல் அலுவலர் திருவாரூர் அருள்மிகு
தியாகராஜசுவாமிதிருக்கோ யில்மற்றும்அதன்குழுக்கோ யில்கள்பொ றுப்பினை
திருவாரூர் உதவி ஆணை யரிடமும் திருப்பாம்புரம் அருள்மிகு சேஷபுரீஸ்வரர் திருக்கோ யில்,
கூந்தலூர்அருள்மிகுஐம்புகாரண்யே ஸ்வரர்திருக்கோ யில்மற்றும்
திருமெய்ஞானம்அருள்மிகுஞானபுரீஸ்வரர்திருக்கோ யில்மற்றும்இவை களின்
குழுக்கோ யில்கள் பொ றுப்புக்களை திரு.தே.
திருநாவுக்கரசு செயல் அலுவலர்
வசம்முழுமையாகஒப்படைத்துவிட்டுஆணை யர்உத்தரவுப்படிசெயல்படஇணை
ஆணை யரால் உத்தரவிடப்பட்டது.
ஆனால் திரு.ரெ.
ஜெ யக்குமார் செயல்
அலுவலர் இணை ஆணை யர் உத்தரவுப்படி திருக்கோ யில் பொ றுப்புக்களை
முழுமையாகஒப்படைக்காமல்தன்னிச்சையாகபுதியபணியிடத்தில்22.9.2014-
அன்றுபணியில்சேர்ந்ததின்மூலம்இணை ஆணை யர்உத்தரவினை ஏற்றுநடக்க தவறியுள்ளார்.’’
14. From the mentioned charges, we safely conclude that the charges are serious in nature. The petitioner allowed various tenants to encroach upon the trust property and allowed them to put up commercial as well as residential buildings. The petitioner also released a sum of Rs. 40 lakhs for the renovation of the 'Sundarar Mandapam' without permission from the higher authorities. Furthermore, he did not take steps to cancel pattas issued in the name of private persons in respect of trust properties.
15. Insofar as the added charges are concerned, they all related to the 'Sundarar Mandapam' renovation and financial irregularities therein. One of the charges related to the temple car renovation at a cost of Rs. 68,64,000/-, where the work was not completed and no steps were taken to follow up on its completion. The petitioner also did not hand over charge prior to his transfer to Arulmigu Vedanarayanasamy Temple, Thottiyam, Trichy District.
16. The petitioner relied upon the judgment in O.S. No.20 of 1938 and contended that the entire obligation to maintain the property of the trust rests solely with the trustees. However, the judgment reads otherwise, as extracted hereunder:
‘’SCHEDULE. The trustee shall be in possession of the immoveable properties of the Rajan Kattalai and shall be responsible for the proper management thereof subject to the conditions mentioned hereunder. Lease
(a) The trustee shall two months before the commencement of each fasli and on date fixed in consultation with the Executive Officer on any other subsequent date to which the auction may be adjourned or with the consent of the Executive Officer, put up all leases of lands in public auction in the presence of the Executive Officer or his nominee. The trustee shall give notice to the Board also setting out the conditions under which the properties are proposed to be put up for auction and it shall be competent for the Board to vary or alter the same. Due publicity of all auctions of leases shall be given by the trustee and the Executive Officer. The leases shall be in conformity with provisions of Madras Act II of 1927 and shall be normally given to the highest bidder. If the Executive Officer or his nominee fails to attend the auction then the trustee will lease out the lands and report the same to the Board.
(b) In the case of other properties not leased out by public auction the trustee shall lease them in consultation with the Executive Officer with the previous sanction of the Board.
(c) The trustee shall be responsible for the collection of rents and profits of all the properties and hand over the same to the Executive Officer. The Trustee shall in no event retain the collection with him for more than a week from the date of collection.
(d) Remission not exceeding Rs.100/- in the case of each individual lessee may be granted by the trustee after consultation with the Executive Officer and remission above Rs.100/- can be granted by the trustee after consulting the
Executive Officer and after obtaining the previous sanction of the Board.
(e) The trustee shall in consultation with the Executive Officer prepare before the 15th March of every fasli a budget relating to Rajan Kattalai and send the same to the Executive Officer for submission to the Board. The orders of the Board with regard to the Budget shall be final.
(f) The trustee shall employ such staff as may be found necessary for the management of the properties after obtaining the previous sanction of the Board. The budget shall provide for expenses to be incurred by the trustee in respect thereof and for giving an honorarium to the kattalai Thambiran herein after referred to. Any increase in the staff by the trustee shall not be made without the previous sanction of the Board.
(g) The expenses for the staff etc., which are provided for in the budget for the kattalai shall be paid by the Executive Officer on requisition by the Trustee.
(h) The service, Erupadies and festivals relating to the kattalai shall be done by the Executive Officer or such other person or body as may be or as has been appointed by the Board; and the trustee or the kattalai Thambiran nominated by him shall be entitled to see that such services are duly carried out and bring to the notice of the Executive Officer or to the Board any complaints which they may have in that behalf; for which purpose the trustee or the kattalai Thambiran may examine the accounts maintained by the Executive Officer or other persons or body as the case may be, provided the Kattalai Thambiran shall have no direct disciplinary jurisdiction or control over the servants. The trustee or the Kattalai Thambiran nominated by him shall have no direct control over the performance of the services. Any complaints which the trustee or the kattalai Thambiran as the case may be wishes to make may be made to the Executive Officer or to the Board.
(i) The trustee shall maintain necessary accounts relating to the management of the immoveable properties of the kattalai. The Executive Officer shall maintain accounts of all receipts from the trustee and of the amounts spent therefrom.
(j) Such accounts shall be ready for audit within three months of the close of the fasli. The audit shall be conducted under the provisions of the Act; (k) The Board reserves to itself liberty to re-define the powers and duties as specified above in case the trustee commits any wilful breach of the above terms and conditions or is guilty of wilful neglect of the duties specified above, provided that the Board shall not do so except on notice to the trustee and after giving him reasonable opportunity of being heard in this behalf.’’
(l) The Rajan Kattalai shall sue and be sued in the name of the trustee of the kattalai.’’
17. From the above-said judgment, it is very clear that the Executive Officer also bears responsibility for maintaining trust properties and funds. The 6th respondent (Hereditary Trustee, Abhisheka Kattalai and Annadhana Kattalai, Arulmigu Thiyagaraja Swami Temple Trust, Thiruvarur, and திருக்கயிலாய பரம்பரை வே ளாக்குறிச்சி ஆதீனம் (கல்லிடை க்குறிச்சி) sent a letter on 28.01.2013 to the Commissioner of the HR & CE Department, detailing the various lapses of the writ petitioner and requesting action against him. Likewise, on 11.02.2013, another communication was sent. On 26.02.2013, the Adheenam sent a further complaint to the Secretary to Government (the first appellant in W.A. No.1914 of 2024) and the
Commissioner, HR & CE Department. It was clearly said therein that when a complaint was lodged against the Executive Officer/writ petitioner, the Commissioner directed the very same Executive Officer to send a report on the basis of the complaint. The Adheenam regularly followed up on the complaint. Finally, a charge memo was issued against the petitioner at the instance of this Court.
18. The Public Interest Litigation in W.P. No.32894 of 2013 was filed seeking to dispose of representations dated 23.12.2011, 11.01.2012, 11.02.2013, and 22.03.2013, seeking intervention to prevent illegal constructions put up by the 6th respondent over temple property belonging to Sri Thiyagaraja Thirukovil. Unfortunately, the Commissioner, along with the Executive Officer, took a common stand that the property belonged to the Kattalai, that a suit filed by the Kattalai against the Executive Officer ended in favour of the trustees, and that the writ petition was not maintainable. On that basis, the writ petition was dismissed. Only thereafter on repeated complaint from the devotees, the HR & CE Department wake up from its slumber and issued a charge memo against the writ petitioner through the Joint Commissioner, HR & CE Department, Thanjavur.
19. The judgment in O.S. No.20 of 1938 clearly says that the Executive Officer exercises control over Kattalai properties. In fact, the trustees are responsible for collecting rent and profits and handing them over to the
Executive Officer. The trustees must consult the Executive Officer, prepare a budget relating to the Raja Kattalai before the 15th of March of every Fasli year and said it to the Executive Officer for presentation to the Board. Leases are to be put up for public auction in consultation with the Executive Officer, and services and festivals are to be administered accordingly. From these conditions, we can safely conclude that the Executive Officer is equally responsible for the maintenance of the trust property.
20. Be that as it may, Sections 6(4), 6(5), 6(9), 6(16), and 6(17) of the Tamil Nadu HR & CE Act, 1959, deal with charitable endowments. The ‘Executive Officer’ was defined as a person who is appointed to exercise such powers and discharge such duties appertaining to the administration of a religious institution as are assigned to him by or under this Act or the rules made thereunder or by any scheme settled or deemed to have been settled under this Act ; Section 6(16) of the Act deals with ‘’religious charity’’ - a public charity associated with a Hindu festival or observance of a religious character, whether it be connected with a math or temple or not ; Section 6(17) of the Act, deals "religious endowment" or "endowment" means all property belonging to or given or endowed for the support of maths or temples, or given or endowed for the performance of any service or charity of a public nature connected therewith or of any other religious charity ; and includes the institution concerned and also the premises thereof, but does not include gifts of property made as personal gifts to the archaka, service holder or other employee of a religious institution ;
21. From these definitions, we can safely conclude that the Abisheka Kattalai and Annadhana Kattalai attached to the Sri Thiyagaraja Swami Temple constitute a religious endowment/charity coming under the purview of the Act of 1959. Section 39 of the Act, 1959 speaks about the power of Trustees of Math or temple in respect of specific endowments. Likewise, Sections 43-A and 43-A(3) of the Act provides the power of Commissioner to appoint/dismissal of Executive Officer for good and sufficient cause. Section 34-A of the Act speaks about fixation of lease rent. Section 34-B of the Act speaks about termination of lease of immovable property.
22. The Act of 1959 vests inbuilt powers in the Executive Officer about religious endowment properties, and as a person in charge, he must exercise utmost care in safeguarding temple properties. The only power available under the Act, 1959, for the Executive Officer is with respect to the Management of the property. Except this power, the Executive Officer does not have any power to interfere with the religious affairs.
23. The said issue was dealt with by the Division Bench of This Court in the case of T.R.Ramesh Vs. State of Tamil Nadu and others in 2026 LiveLaw (Mad) 405 wherein this Court held as follows:
11. An Executive Officer is appointed only under Section 45(1) of the Act. Section 45(2) of the Act is as follows:- “ ‘’45. Appointment and duties of Executive Officers. —
(1) ...
(2) The executive officer shall exercise such powers and discharge such duties as may be assigned to him by the Commissioner. Provided that only such powers and duties as appertain to the administration of the properties of the religious institution referred in subsection (1) shall be assigned to the executed officer.” The plain meaning of the aforesaid provision is to the effect that the Executive Officer can exercise functions only in respect of the properties of the temple. The statutory provision itself is so clear and categorical. The expression “only” found in the proviso to Section 45(2) of the Act is significant. In other words, what is contemplated in the proviso is that no other power can be exercised. It forbids the Executive Officer from interfering in the religious aspects. The Executive Officer cannot deal with any aspect of temple administration that partakes of a religious character. The expression “properties” would of course include both immovable and movable properties. The movable properties would pertain to income also. Thus, the power of the Executive Officer cannot go beyond the administration of the properties of the temple. The third issue is also answered accordingly.
24. In the present case, the Executive Officer has not discharged his sole duty of managing the properties of the trust and instead, he misappropriated the funds of the trust and the same amounts to breach of trust and it should be taken seriously.
25. As we noted at the beginning, citing 2007 (7) SCC 482 in the case of A.A.Balakrishnan (Supra), the Supreme Court made it clear that the properties of deities, temples and Devaswom Boards, require to be protected and safeguarded by their Trustees/Archaks/ Sebaits/employees. Instances are many where persons entrusted with the duty of managing and safeguarding the properties of temples, deities and Devaswom Boards have usurped and misappropriated such properties by setting up false claims of ownership or tenancy, or adverse possession. This is possible only with the passive or active collusion of the concerned authorities. Such acts of 'fences eating the crops' should be dealt with sternly. The Government, members or trustees of Boards/Trusts, and devotees should be vigilant to prevent any such usurpation or encroachment. It is also the duty of courts to protect and safeguard the properties of religious and charitable institutions from wrongful claims or misappropriation.
26. This is a classic case of the "fence eating the crops." The person in charge of the religious endowment colluded with contractors and tenants, allowed trust property to be encroached upon, and ensured that trust funds were
illegally diverted. Unfortunately, the Commissioner of the HR & CE Department at that time did not take the issue seriously, even directing the Executive Officer to send a report on the complaints filed against the very same Executive Officer. Sitting on the issue for a prolonged period and allowing illegalities to continue is highly deprecated. This sequence of events proves poor management by the Department with no checks and balances. Only because of complaints by devotees and the Adheenam the mismanagement came to light, leading to the initiation of action and the removal of the writ petitioner.
27. The Writ Court erred in changing the punishment on a technicality, which is beyond the scope of Article 226 of the Constitution of India. Modifying punishment under Article 226 is legally unsustainable and contrary to service jurisprudence. Having found that mismanagement was committed by the writ petitioner, the only choice available to the authorities was removal from service. In our view, the punishment of dismissal is not disproportionate, and all legal formalities were duly followed prior to issuing the dismissal order.
28. In view of the reasons stated in the previous paragraphs, we interfere with the order of the Writ Court. The order in W.P. No.13671 of 2020, dated 20.02.2024, is set aside, and the original order of punishment is restored.
29. Accordingly, the Writ Appeals stand allowed. No costs. Consequently, the connected miscellaneous petitions are closed. (S.M.S.,J.) (K.G.R.,J.) 07-10-2026 Index: Yes/No Speaking/Non-speaking order Neutral Citation: Yes/No rli To
1. The Additional Chief Secretary Tourism, Cultural and Endowment Department, Secretariat, Chennai.
2. The Principal Secretary Tourism, cultural and Endowment Department, Secrtariat, Chennai.
3. The Commissioner Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowment Department, Chennai.
4. The Joint Commissioner Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowment Department, Thanjavur Dt.
5. The Executive Officer Arulmigu Thiyagaraja Swamy Temple, Thiruvarur Dt
S.M.SUBRAMANIAM J. AND KRISHNASWAMY GOVINDARAJAN J. rli Pre-delivery judgment in WA Nos. 946 of 2024 and 1914 of 2026 07-10-2026